[Report of two cases of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis.] / Analisis de dos casos de mesotelioma maligno de la túnica vaginal.

OBJECTIVE: Paratesticular mesothelioma isan infrequent tumor and only 250 cases have been published.It originates in the scrotal tunica vaginalis. It represents0.3-1.4% of mesotheliomas and it predominates inpatients with history of asbestos exposure and old age. Itsdiagnosis is usually casual. Our objective is to present thecases that occurred in our service with malignant paratesticularmesothelioma and to carry out a review of the currentliterature on this pathology. METHODS: We report two cases diagnosed with malignantparatesticular mesothelioma that happened in the lasttwo years. RESULT: The first case was a 73-year-old male with asymptomatichydrocele. The second was a 57-year-oldmale who had testicular pain and hydrocele. Both werediagnosed of mesothelioma after hydrocelectomy. The firsttreatment was radical orchiectomy in both cases. The firstpatient did not need more treatments. The second patientpresented pulmonary nodules, lymphadenopathy and localrelapse, which was treated with chemotherapy and localresection. CONCLUSION: Paratesticular mesothelioma is an infrequenttumor. Scrotal mass associated with hydrocele is thetypical form of presentation. Surgical treatment consists ofradical orchiectomy. They have poor prognosis because inmost cases there is rapid local and dissemination.

OBJETIVO: El mesotelioma paratesticular es  un tumor infrecuente, con menos de 250 casos publicados, originado en la túnica vaginal escrotal. Representa el 0,3-1,4% de los mesoteliomas. Predomina en pacientes añosos, con la exposición al asbesto y su diagnóstico sueleser casual. Nuestro objetivo es presentar dos casos ocurridos en nuestro servicio con mesotelioma paratesticular maligno y realizar una revisión de la literatura actual sobre dicha patologia.MÉTODO: Aportamos dos casos diagnosticados de mesotelioma paratesticular maligno acontecidos en nuestro servicio durante los últimos dos años. RESULTADO: El primer caso es un varón de 73 años que debutó con hidrocele sin dolor. El segundó es un varón de 57 años que inició su clínica con un cuadro de dolor testicular e hidrocele. En ambos se diagnostica de mesotelioma maligno de la túnica vaginal tras hidrocelectomía. Se realiza como tratamiento inicial una orquiectomía radical en ambos pacientes. El primer paciente no precisó ningún tratamiento adicional. El segundo paciente presentó nódulos pulmonares y adenopatías junto con recidiva local, que se trató con quimioterapia y resección local.CONCLUSIÓN: El mesotelioma paratesticular es un tumor infrecuente, sin una clínica especifica. Su forma típica de presentación es una masa escrotal indolora asociada a hidrocele.El tratamiento quirúrgico consiste en orquiectomía radical. En la mayoría de los casos existe una rápida diseminación local y a distancia que otorgan a estos tumores un mal pronóstico.

Analisis de dos casos de mesotelioma maligno de la túnica vaginal / No disponible

Objetivo: El mesotelioma paratesticular es un tumor infrecuente, con menos de 250 casos publicados, originado en la túnica vaginal escrotal. Representa el 0,3-1,4% de los mesoteliomas. Predomina en pacientes añosos, con la exposición al asbesto y su diagnóstico suele ser casual. Nuestro objetivo es presentar dos casos ocurridos en nuestro servicio con mesotelioma paratesticular maligno y realizar una revisión de la literatura actual sobre dicha patologia. Método: Aportamos dos casos diagnosticados de mesotelioma paratesticular maligno acontecidos en nuestro servicio durante los últimos dos años. Resultado: El primer caso es un varón de 73 años que debutó con hidrocele sin dolor. El segundó es un varón de 57 años que inició su clínica con un cuadro de dolor testicular e hidrocele. En ambos se diagnostica de mesotelioma maligno de la túnica vaginal tras hidrocelectomía. Se realiza como tratamiento inicial una orquiectomía radical en ambos pacientes. El primer paciente no precisó ningún tratamiento adicional. El segundo paciente presentó nódulos pulmonares y adenopatías junto con recidiva local, que se trató con quimioterapia y resección local. Conclusión: El mesotelioma paratesticular es un tumor infrecuente, sin una clínica especifica. Su forma típica de presentación es una masa escrotal indolora asociada a hidrocele. El tratamiento quirúrgico consiste en orquiectomía radical. En la mayoría de los casos existe una rápida diseminación local y a distancia que otorgan a estos tumores un mal pronóstico

Objective: Paratesticular mesothelioma is an infrequent tumor and only 250 cases have been published. It originates in the scrotal tunica vaginalis. It represents 0.3-1.4% of mesotheliomas and it predominates in patients with history of asbestos exposure and old age. Its diagnosis is usually casual. Our objective is to present the cases that occurred in our service with malignant paratesticular mesothelioma and to carry out a review of the current literature on this pathology. Methods: We report two cases diagnosed with malignant paratesticular mesothelioma that happened in the last two years. Result: The first case was a 73-year-old male with asymptomatic hydrocele. The second was a 57-year-old male who had testicular pain and hydrocele. Both were diagnosed of mesothelioma after hydrocelectomy. The first treatment was radical orchiectomy in both cases. The first patient did not need more treatments. The second patient presented pulmonary nodules, lymphadenopathy and local relapse, which was treated with chemotherapy and local resection. Conclusion: Paratesticular mesothelioma is an infrequent tumor. Scrotal mass associated with hydrocele is the typical form of presentation. Surgical treatment consists of radical orchiectomy. They have poor prognosis because in most cases there is rapid local and dissemination

Use of a barbed suture for the urethro-vesical anastomosis during the learning curve of the endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVES: The performance of the urethrovesical anastomosis is one of the most difficult steps in urologic laparoscopy. Many different techniques have been developed to improve this step and, recently, new sutures such as the V-loc (R) barbed system have been created. In the present study we analyze the usefulness of this suture for diminishing the time employed for the anastomosis suture during the learning curve of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. METHOD: We performed a prospective comparative study between two groups. The first group included the first 50 cases of a novel surgeon using this barbed suture, and we compared these procedures with 50 consecutives cases of an experienced surgeon. We compared preoperative parameters, surgical and suturing times, as well as drain and catheter duration, and hospital stay. RESULTS: We did not find statistically significant differences in any pre or postoperative parameters between both groups. Although surgical time was lower in the control group this difference was not statistically significant. The time used to perform the suture was lower in the study group, and we found significant differences between both groups. Neither drain nor bladder catheter times were different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of prospective randomized trials comparing barbed or not barbed running sutures, our study shows that the use of the V-loc® system improves the times needed for the urethrovesical anastomosis during the learning curve of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Uso de sutura antiretorno reabsorbible par la anastomosis uretrovesical durante la curva de aprendizaje de la prostatectomía radical endoscópica extraperitoneal / Use of a barbed suture for the urethro-vesical anastomosis during the learning curve of the endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy

OBJETIVO: La anastomosis uretrovesical es un paso de elevada complejidad en la técnica laparoscópica. Existen múltiples técnicas para afrontar este paso, y recientemente hemos asistido al desarrollo de nuevas suturas como la sutura antirretorno V-Loc ®. Con el siguiente estudio valoramos la utilidad del uso de esta sutura para disminuir el tiempo invertido en realizar la anastomosis durante la curva de aprendizaje de la prostatectomía radical laparoscópica. MÉTODOS: Diseñamos un estudio prospectivo comparativo entre dos grupos, uno constituido por los primeros 50 casos de un cirujano novel mediante el uso de esta novedosa sutura antirretorno con 50 casos consecutivos de un cirujano experto. Se comparan los parámetros preoperatorios, los tiempos quirúrgicos y los empleados en realizar la sutura así como la permanencia de drenaje, sonda y tiempo de hospitalización. RESULTADOS: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los parámetros preoperatorios entre ambos grupos. Si bien el tiempo empleado en la cirugía fue menor en el grupo control (166 minutos frente a 179 para el grupo estudio)esta diferencia no resultó estadísticamente significativa (p=0.1). El tiempo utilizado en realizar la anastomosis fue menor para el grupo en el que se utilizó la sutura V-Loc® (23.6 minutos frente a 36.1 minutos en le grupo control), y esta diferencia resultó estadísticamente significativa (p<0.001. Ni la permanencia de drenaje, ni de sonda ni el tiempo de ingreso difirió de forma estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos. CONCLUSIONES: A falta de estudios prospectivos randomizados comparando con una sutura continua, nuestro trabajo pone de manifiesto que la sutura continua antirretorno es una opción aceptable que consigue optimizar el tiempo empleado en la sutura de cirujanos en el inicio de su curva de aprendizaje (AU)

OBJECTIVES: The performance of the urethrovesical anastomosis is one of the most difficult steps in urologic laparoscopy. Many different techniques have been developed to improve this step and, recently, new sutures such as the V-loc (R) barbed system have been created. In the present study we analyze the usefulness of this suture for diminishing the time employed for the anastomosis suture during the learning curve of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. METHOD: We performed a prospective comparative study between two groups. The first group included the first 50 cases of a novel surgeon using this barbed suture, and we compared these procedures with 50 consecutives cases of an experienced surgeon. We compared preoperative parameters, surgical and suturing times, as well as drain and catheter duration, and hospital stay. RESULTS: We did not find statistically significant differences in any pre or postoperative parameters between both groups. Although surgical time was lower in the control group this difference was not statistically significant. The time used to perform the suture was lower in the study group, and we found significant differences between both groups. Neither drain nor bladder catheter times were different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of prospective randomized trials comparing barbed or not barbed running sutures, our study shows that the use of the V-loc® system improves the times needed for the urethrovesical anastomosis during the learning curve of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (AU)

Our experience in the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence with the male Remeex system.

OBJECTIVES: We show our experience in the treatment of post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence with the male Remeex system (MRS). We also describe the elements of the system, its therapeutic indications, technical implantation and appropriate adjustment. METHODS: From March 2007 to January 2009 five male patients aged 57 to 71 years (mean age 66 years) with postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence were operated on to insert a suburethral readjustable sling (Remeex). All patients had severe urinary incontinence with deterioration of their quality of life. The evolution period ranged from 2 to 10 years with an average of 3.5 years, requiring from 5 to 8 pads a day. RESULTS: All patients are continent after a mean follow up of 15.4 months (range 6-28 months). Only two of them use one security pad when they perform physical efforts. The Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (7) scores before surgery and 6 months after diminished from 68+/-7 to 10+/-3. All patients are very satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: MRS is a valid therapeutic option for post-prostatectomy incontinence, being a reproducible technique, of easy execution, that allows readjustment through a suprapubic incision under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure. It has a low complication rate with excellent and endured results.

Nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo masculina mediante cabestrillo suburetral regulable tipo Remeex / Our experience in the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence with the male remeex system

OBJETIVO: Poner de manifiesto nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo postprostatectomía con el sistema Remeex masculino (SRM). Asimismo, describimos los elementos que componen dicho sistema, sus indicaciones terapéuticas, técnica de implantación y su adecuado ajuste.MÉTODO: Desde marzo de 2007 hasta enero de 2009 hemos intervenido a cinco varones afectos de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo postprostatectomía con edades comprendidas entre 57 y 71 años (media 66 años), mediante la colocación de una malla suburetral de tensión regulable tipo Remeex. Todos ellos presentaban una incontinencia urinaria severa con gran afectación de su calidad de vida y de un tiempo de evolución entre 2 y 10 años (media 3,5 años), precisando todos ellos entre 5 y 8 compresas diarias.RESULTADOS: Todos los pacientes se mantienen secos en un tiempo de seguimiento medio de 15,4 meses (rango 6-28 meses), precisando ocasionalmente 2 de ellos compresa de seguridad si realizan ejercicio intenso. La puntuación del Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ 7) realizado antes de la intervención y a los 6 meses después, pasa de 68 ± 7 puntos a 10 ± 3, siendo el grado de satisfacción muy elevado.CONCLUSIONES: El SRM constituye una opción terapéutica válida para la incontinencia postprostatectomía, siendo una técnica reproducible, de fácil ejecución, que permite su reajuste mediante una pequeña incisión suprapúbica bajo anestesia local y en régimen ambulatorio estricto, con una baja tasa de complicaciones proporcionando unos resultados excelentes y duraderos(AU)

OBJECTIVES: We show our experience in the treatment of post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence with the male Remeex system (MRS). We also describe the elements of the system, its therapeutic indications, technical implantation and appropriate adjustment.METHODS: From March 2007 to January 2009 five male patients aged 57 to 71 years (mean age 66 years) with post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence were operated on to insert a suburethral readjustable sling (Remeex). All patients had severe urinary incontinence with deterioration of their quality of life. The evolution period ran-ged from 2 to 10 years with an average of 3.5 years, requiring from 5 to 8 pads a day.RESULTS: All patients are continent after a mean follow up of 15.4 months (range 6-28 months). Only two of them use one security pad when they perform physical efforts. The Incontinen-ce Impact Questionnaire (7) scores befo-re surgery and 6 months after diminished from 68±7 to 10±3. All patients are very satisfied.CONCLUSIONS: MRS is a valid therapeutic option for post-prostatectomy incontinence, being a reproducible technique, of easy execution, that allows readjustment through a suprapubic incision under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure. It has a low complication rate with excellent and endured results(AU)

[Green light laser efficacy in patients with prostatic hyperplasia treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors]. / Eficacia de la fotovaporización prostática con láser verde en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia prostática en pacientes en tratamiento con inhibidores de la 5-alfa-reductasa.

INTRODUCTION: High prevalence of BPH and gradual ageing of the population, combined with the existence of effective medical treatments for this condition, has led to an increasing use of surgery in patients on long-term treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs). Initially, patients treated with 5-ARIs were not considered good candidates for photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green laser. OBJECTIVE: To assess, using a retrospective study based on our experience, wheter long-term treatment (longer than 6 months) with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors decreases effectiveness of photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green light laser in BPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2005 to January 2008, 102 patients underwent photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green light laser. Of these, 25 patients (24.5%) had been treated with 5-ARIs for at least 6 months, and the remaining 77 patients (75.5%) were used as controls. A retrospective study was conducted to compare the pre- and postoperative clinical and functional parameters of patients with and without prior 5-RAI therapy. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the treated and control groups in preoperative prostatic volume (50 mL vs 49 mL), IPSS (17.6 vs 17.8), postvoiding residue (16% vs 18%), or PSA (1.4 ng/mL vs 2.2 ng/mL). Similarly, while differences were seen in energy spread (180 kJ vs 175 kJ for the treated and control groups respectively) and operating time (63 min vs 57 min), these were not statistically significant. No between-group differences were found either in clinical or flow rate parameters one month after surgery (IPSS 13.8 vs 14 and Qmax 13.9 mL/s vs 14.5 nL/s in the treated and control groups respectively). Surgeons reported a better visualization of the endoscopic field that was attributed to less bleeding during the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show no statistically significant differences in peroperative and preoperative parameters between patients with and without treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. We therefore think that photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green light laser is a safe and effective technique in patients treated with 5-ARIs.

Eficacia de la fotovaporización prostática con láser verde en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia prostática en pacientes en tratamiento con inhibidores de la 5-alfa-reductasa / Green light laser efficacy in patients with prostatic hyperplasia treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors

Introducción: El progresivo envejecimiento de la población y la elevada prevalencia de la hiperplasia benigna prostática (HBP), unidos a la existencia de tratamientos médicos efectivos para esta afección, produce que cada vez más indiquemos la cirugía en pacientes tratados a largo plazo con inhibidores de la 5-alfa-reductasa (5ARI). En un principio, los pacientes tratados con 5ARI no se consideraban buenos candidatos para la fotovaporización prostática con láser verde. Objetivo: En el siguiente trabajo, mediante un estudio retrospectivo basado en nuestra experiencia, pretendemos dilucidar si el tratamiento a largo plazo (mas de 6 meses) con inhibidores de la 5ARI reduce la eficacia del tratamiento con láser verde en pacientes afectados de HBP. Material y métodos: Entre septiembre de 2005 y enero de 2008 hemos tratado a 102 pacientes mediante fotovaporización prostática con láser verde, de los que 25 (24,5%) se encontraban en tratamiento con 5ARI durante al menos 6 meses; los otros 77 (75,5%) pacientes formaron el grupo control. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo en el que comparamos los parámetros clínicos y funcionales pre y postoperatorios de los pacientes tratados con 5ARI respecto a los que no lo estaban. Resultados: No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a volumen prostático (50 cc y 49 cc), IPSS (17,6 y 17,8), residuo posmiccional (16% y 18%) o antígeno prostático específico (PSA) (1,4 ng/ml y 2,2 ng/ml) preoperatorios entre los grupos tratamiento y control, respectivamente. Del mismo modo, si bien existieron diferenciasen cuanto a la energía usada (180 kJ y 175 kJ) y el tiempo quirúrgico empleado (63 min y 57 min), ambas fueron más elevadas en el grupo tratado con 5ARI, estas diferencias no resultaron significativas estadísticamente. Tampoco encontramos diferencias en los parámetros clínicos (IPSS 13,8 y 14 al primer mes) ni flujométricos (Qmáx 13,9 ml/s y 14,5ml/s en la revisión al primer mes) entre pacientes tratados y no tratados. Subjetivamente, se apreció una mejor visualización del campo endoscópico atribuida a un menor sangrado durante la intervención. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados no demuestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes con y sin tratamiento con inhibidores de la 5ARI en cuanto a parámetros intra y preoperatorios, por lo que pensamos que este tratamiento no disminuye la eficacia de la fotovaporización prostática con láser verde (AU)

Introduction: High prevalence of BPH and gradual ageing of the population, combined with the existence of effective medical treatments for this condition, has led to an increasing use of surgery in patients on long-term treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs). Initially, patients treated with 5-ARIs were not considered good candidates for photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green laser. Objective: To assess, using a retrospective study based on our experience, wheter long-term treatment (longer than 6 months) with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors decreases effectiveness of photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green light laser in BPH. Materials and methods: From September 2005 to January 2008, 102 patients underwent photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green light laser. Of these, 25 patients (24.5%) had been treated with 5-ARIs for at least 6 months, and the remaining 77 patients (75.5%) were used as controls. A retrospective study was conducted to compare the pre and postoperative clinical and functional parameters of patients with and without prior 5-RAI therapy. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the treated and control groups in preoperative prostatic volume (50 mL vs 49 mL), IPSS (17.6 vs 17.8), postvoiding residue (16% vs 18%), or PSA (1.4 ng/mL vs 2.2 ng/mL). Similarly, while differences were seen in energy spread (180 kJ vs 175 kJ for the treated and control groups respectively) and operating time (63 min vs 57 min), these were not statistically significant. No between group differences were found either in clinical or flow rate parameters one month after surgery (IPSS 13.8 vs 14 and Qmax 13.9mL/s vs 14.5 nL/s in the treated and control groups respectively). Surgeons reported a better visualization of the endoscopic field that was attributed to less bleeding during the procedure. Conclusions: Our results show no statistically significant differences in peroperative and preoperative parameters between patients with and without treatment with 5-alphareductase inhibitors. We therefore think that photoselective vaporization of the prostate with green light laser is a safe and effective technique in patients treated with 5-ARIs (AU)

[Prospective randomized study on the use of lidocaine local anesthesia in prostate biopsy]. / Estudio prospectivo randomizado sobre el uso de anestesia local con lidocaína en la biopsia prostática.

OBJECTIVES: Transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy is still the main technique in prostate cancer diagnosis. In spite of being a relatively well-tolerated exploration, often results in an awkward and painful procedure, especially in those cases in which the number of samples increase. We designed a prospective randomized study that compares biopsies tolerance with the use of intravenous analgesia and intrarectal gel with or without intracapsular prostatic anesthesia. METHODS: We have included an amount of 80 procedures between June 2006 and December 2007. Intravenous analgesia was given to all patients and 12.5 gr. of lidocaine gel (which contains 250 mg of lidocaine hydrochloride) was instilled into the rectal vault. All patients underwent methodically 10 cores biopsy after having an intracapsular injection of 8 ml. of 2% lidocaine in a randomized group. A questionnaire with three measurements of the visual analogue scale of pain was given immediately after the procedure and another one thirty minutes later, as well as a satisfaction survey. RESULTS: The average age of patients in control group was 68 years (48-73 range) and 69 years (50-75 range) in treatment group. The average PSA was 7.1 ng/mL (4.8-9.8 range) in the first group and 7.3 ng/mL (4.5-9.7 range) in the second one. Average pain in the visual analogue scale in patients without intracapsular anesthesia was 8.3 (2 - 9)in the first questionnaire and 2 (0 - 4) in the second one, against 4 (0 - 8) and 1.33 (0-2) of the group who did receive anesthesia. If we compare both groups, we find statistically significant differences only in immediately measurements ( p<0,01) , not in the second questionnaire (p=0,2) . We didn't find statistically significant differences as for urethral bleeding, rectorrhagia or infection between both groups. CONCLUSION: We consider the injection of intracapsular lidocaine a reproductible technique and effective for both improving tolerance and diminishing the pain related to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy without increasing morbidity.

Estudio prospectivo randomizado sobre el uso de la anestesia local con lidocaína en la biopsia prostática / Prospective randomized study on the use of lidocaine local anesthesia in prostate biopsy

OBJETIVOS: La biopsia prostática transrectal ecodirigida continúa siendo la técnica fundamental en el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata. A pesar de ser una exploración relativamente bien tolerada, en muchas ocasiones resulta un procedimiento incómodo y doloroso, sobre todo en aquellos casos en los que se amplía el número de cilindros tomados.Presentamos un estudio prospectivo randomizado que compara la tolerancia a la biopsia con el uso de analgesia endovenosa y gel intra-rectal con y sin anestesia prostática intracapsular.MÉTODOS: Entre junio 2006 y diciembre 2007 hemos incluido un total de 80 procedimientos. En todos los pacientes se administró un analgésico endovenoso y se aplicaron 12,5 gr de gel con 250 mgr de hidrocloruro de lidocaína intra-rectal. En todos se realizó sistemáticamente la toma de 10 cilindros, previa inyección intracapsular de 8 mL de lidocaína al 2% en el grupo aleatorizado. Para ello se entregó un cuestionario con tres medidas de escala analógica visual del dolor inmediatamente tras el procedimento, y otro treinta minutos después, así como una encuesta de satisfacción.RESULTADOS: La edad media de nuestros pacientes fue de 68 años (rango 48 – 73) en el grupo que no recibió anestesia y de 69 años (rango 50 – 75) en el que sí la recibió. El PSA medio fue 7’1 ng/mL (rango 4’8 – 9’8) en el primer grupo y 7’3 ng/mL (rango 4’5 – 9’7) en el segundo. La media de dolor en la escala analógica visual en los pacientes sin anestesia intracapsular fue de 8,3 (2 – 9) en la primera encuesta y 2 (0 – 4) en la segunda, frente a 4 (0 – 8) y 1,33 (0 – 2) del grupo que sí la recibió. Al comparar ambos grupos encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas sólo en la valoración inmediata a la biopsia (p<0,01), no así en el segundo cuestionario (p=0,2). No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a uretrorragia, rectorragia o infección entre ambos grupos(AU)

CONCLUSIÓN: Consideramos la inyección de lidocaína intracapsular una técnica reproducible y efectiva en cuanto a mejorar la tolerancia y disminuir el dolor asociado a la realización de biopsia prostática transrectal ecodirigida, sin incrementar la morbilidad del procedimiento(AU)

OBJECTIVES: Transrectal ultrasonogra-phy-guided prostate biopsy is still the main technique in prostate cancer diagnosis. In spite of being a relatively well-tolerated exploration, often results in an awkward and painful procedure, especially in those cases in which the number of samples increase.We designed a prospective randomized study that compares biopsies tolerance with the use of intravenous analgesia and intrarectal gel with or without intracapsu-lar prostatic anesthesia.METHODS: We have included an amount of 80 pro-cedures between June 2006 and December 2007. In-travenous analgesia was given to all patients and 12.5 gr. of lidocaine gel (which contains 250 mg of lidocai-ne hydrochloride) was instilled into the rectal vault. All patients underwent methodically 10 cores biopsy after having an intracapsular injection of 8 ml. of 2% lidocai-ne in a randomized group. A questionnaire with three measurements of the visual analogue scale of pain was given immediately after the procedure and another one thirty minutes later, as well as a satisfaction survey.RESULTS: The average age of patients in control group was 68 years (48-73 range) and 69 years (50-75 ran-ge) in treatment group. The average PSA was 7.1 ng/mL (4.8-9.8 range) in the first group and 7.3 ng/mL (4.5-9.7 range) in the second one. Average pain in the visual analogue scale in patients without intracapsular anesthesia was 8.3 (2 – 9) in the first questionnaire and 2 (0 – 4) in the second one, against 4 (0 – 8) and 1.33 (0 – 2) of the group who did receive anesthesia. If we compare both groups, we find statistically significant differences only in immediately measurements (p<0,01), not in the second questionnaire (p=0,2). We didn’t find statistically significant differences as for urethral bleeding, rectorrhagia or infection between both groups(AU)

CONCLUSION: We consider the injection of intracap-sular lidocaine a reproductible technique and effective for both improving tolerance and diminishing the pain related to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy without increasing morbidity(AU)

[Surgical treatment of renal tumours with venous extension]. / Tratamiento quirúrgico del tumor renal con extensión venosa.

OBJECTIVES: Renal carcinoma accounts for 3% of malignant urological tumors. The existence of tumor thrombus in the venous system is more infrequent, and, despite it was believed until recently its presence worsened the diagnosis of the disease, currently it is accepted that in the absence of metastatic or lymph node disease, surgery is the treatment of choice and potentially curative for these tumors. METHODS: Between June 2003 and November 2007 eight patients with renal disease and venous thrombus underwent surgery; two of them wereT3c and six T3b; in five of them surgery was carried out in association with the heart surgery team in our centre. Three of them underwent surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Mean patient age was 56 years. RESULTS: Tumor thrombus was grade I in one patient, grade II in 4 patients, grade III in one patient, and grade IV in two patients. In all patients with tumor grade > or = III, as well as two with grade II, surgery was performed in conjunction with the department of heart surgery. The operation with extracorporeal circulation, deep hypothermia, cardioplegia, and antegrade and retrograde brain perfusion was performed in grades III and IV. Midline incision was performed, with or without sternotomy, depending on the level of the thrombus. Hemorrhage was the most frequent perioperative complication. DISCUSSION: It is essential to know the exact level of the cephalic extreme of the tumor thrombus to design the proper surgical strategy; for that, we can use MRI, CT scan or ultrasound. Therefore, surgical approach, multidisciplinary cooperation and use of extracorporeal circulation will depend on such extension of the thrombus and concurrent factors of the patient. A good surgical strategy, as well as early surgery may avoid the use of venous filters preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Venous wall invasion seems to be related with a greater incidence of lymph node disease, but these patients are candidates to intention-to-cure radical surgery. Thrombus level is not a prognostic factor per se, but it should be taken into consideration for surgical planning. After radical surgery survival rates achieved are similar to those of tumors without venous thrombus.

Tratamiento quirúrgico del tumor renal con extensión venosa / Our experience in treatment of renal tumours with venous involvement

OBJETIVO: El carcinoma renal supone un 3% de los tumores malignos urol¨®gicos. M¨¢s infrecuente es la existencia de trombo tumoral dentro del sistema venoso y, si bien hasta hace poco se pensaba que su existencia ensombrec¨ªa el pron¨®stico de esta enfermedad, actualmente se acepta que en ausencia de enfermedad metast¨¢sica o ganglionar, la cirug¨ªa es el tratamiento de elecci¨®n y potencialmente curativo para estos tumores.MÉTODOS: Entre junio de 2003 y noviembre de 2007 hemos intervenido un total de 8 pacientes con enfermedad renal y trombo venoso, de los cuales 2 eran T3c y seis T3b, cinco de ellos fueron intervenidos junto con el servicio de cirug¨ªa cardiaca de nuestro centro. Tres de ellos fueron intervenidos con circulaci¨®n extracorp¨®rea (CEC). La media de edad de los pacientes fue de 56 años.RESULTADOS: El trombo tumoral era grado I en un paciente, grado II en 4 pacientes, grado III en 1 paciente y grado IV en dos pacientes. Todos los pacientes con grado tumoral igual o mayor de III, as¨ª como dos grado II, fueron intervenidos conjuntamente con el servicio de cirug¨ªa cardiaca, realizando en los grado III y IV la intervenci¨®n con circulaci¨®n extracorp¨®rea, hipotermia profunda con parada cardiorrespiratoria y perfusi¨®n cerebral anter¨®grada y retr¨®grada. Se realiz¨® incisi¨®n media con o sin estereotom¨ªa media dependiendo del nivel del trombo. La complicaci¨®n m¨¢s frecuente acaecida peroperatoriamente fue la hemorragia.DISCUSIÓN: Es esencial conocer el nivel exacto de la extensi¨®n cef¨¢lica del trombo tumoral para diseñar una adecuada estrategia quir¨²rgica, para lo que nos podemos valer de la resonancia magn¨¦tica (RM), de la tomograf¨ªa computerizada (TC) y de la ecocardiograf¨ªa. As¨ª el abordaje quir¨²rgico, la colaboraci¨®n multidisciplinar y el empleo de CEC depender¨¢ de dicha extensi¨®n y de los factores concomitantes presentes en el enfermo. Una buena estrategia quir¨²rgica, as¨ª como una cirug¨ªa temprana pueden evitar el uso de filtros venosos de forma preoperatoria

CONCLUSIONES: La invasión de la pared venosa parece estar relacionada con una mayor incidencia de enfermedad ganglionar, pero estos pacientes son candidatos a la cirugía radical con intención curativa. El nivel del trombo, si bien puede dificultar la cirug¨ªa, no es un factor pron¨®stico per se, y si debe ser tenido en cuenta para la planificaci¨®n quir¨²rgica. Tras la cirug¨ªa radical se alcanzan cifras de supervivencia superponibles a los tumores sin trombo venoso tumoral(AU)

OBJECTIVES: Renal carcinoma accounts for 3% of malignant urological tumors. The existence of tumor thrombus in the venous system is more infrequent, and, despite it was believed until recently its presence worsened the diagnosis of the disease, currently it is accepted that in the absence of metastatic or lymph node disease, surgery is the treatment of choice and potentially curative for these tumors.METHODS: Between June 2003 and November 2007 eight patients with renal disease and venous thrombus underwent surgery; two of them wereT3c and six T3b; in five of them surgery was carried out in association with the heart surgery team in our centre. Three of them underwent surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Mean patient age was 56 years.RESULTS: Tumor thrombus was grade I in one patient, grade II in 4 patients, grade III in one patient, and grade IV in two patients. In all patients with tumor grade ¡Ý III, as well as two with grade II, surgery was performed in conjunction with the department of heart surgery. The operation with extracorporeal circulation, deep hypothermia, cardioplegia, and antegrade and retrograde brain perfusion was performed in grades III and IV. Midline incision was performed, with or without sternotomy, depending on the level of the thrombus. Hemorrhage was the most frequent perioperative complication.DISCUSSION: It is essential to know the exact level of the cephalic extreme of the tumor thrombus to design the proper surgical strategy; for that, we can use MRI, CT scan or ultrasound. Therefore, surgical approach, multidisciplinary cooperation and use of extracorporeal circulation will depend on such extension of the thrombus and concurrent factors of the patient. A good surgical strategy, as well as early surgery may avoid the use of venous filters preoperatively(AU)

CONCLUSIONS: Venous wall invasion seems to be related with a greater incidence of lymph node disease, but these patients are candidates to intention-to-cure radical surgery. Thrombus level is not a prognostic factor per se, but it should be taken into consideration for surgical planning. After radical surgery survival rates achieved are similar to those of tumors without venous thrombus(AU)

[Penile cellulitis after oral sex]. / Celulitis de pene tras sexo oral.

OBJECTIVE: Nowadays, there is the high prevalence of sexual intercourse including oral sex, which implies some peculiarities in the infections, balanitis and ceIlulitis they may produce. METHODS: We report two new cases of penile cellulitis treated in the urology department in our hospital. DISCUSSION: We review the indications of prophylaxis, and the medical and surgical treatment both referred in the literature and carried out in our patients. CONCLUSIONS: When dealing with balanitis and penile cellulitis, the history should include explicit references to the practice of oral sex. Early medical or surgical treatment has a favourable influence on the evolution of the lesions.

Celulitis de pene tras sexo oral / Penile cellulitis after oral sex

Objetivo: En la actualidad la prevalencia de relaciones sexuales en las que se incluye sexo oral es elevada, esto conlleva una serie de peculiaridades en las infecciones, balanopostitis y celulitis, que pueden producirse en relación con estas prácticas. Métodos: Aportamos 2 nuevos casos de celulitis peneana tratados en el Servicio de Urología de nuestro hospital. Discusión: Revisamos las indicaciones de profilaxis, tratamiento médico y quirúrgico referidas en la literatura y practicadas en nuestros pacientes. Conclusiones: La anamnesis ante balanopostitis y celulitis peneanas, debe incluir referencias explícitas a la práctica de sexo oral. La precocidad en el tratamiento, tanto médico como quirúrgico, influye favorablemente en la evolución de las lesiones (AU)

Objective: Nowadays, there is the high prevalence of sexual intercourse including oral sex, which implies some peculiarities in the infections, balanitis and cellulitis they may produce. Methods: We report two new cases of penile cellulitis treated in the urology department in our hospital. Discussion: We review the indications of prophylaxis, and the medical and surgical treatment both referred in the literature and carried out in our patients. Conclusions: When dealing with balanitis and penile cellulitis, the history should include explicit references to the practice of oral sex. Early medical or surgical treatment has a favourable influence on the evolution of the lesions (AU)

Ureterohidronefrosis congénita y embarazo / Congenital ureterohydronephrosis and pregnancy

No disponible

Detección sérica de PSA mediante un test rápido (SD Bioline PSA) / Fast tenst serum PSA determination (Sd Bioline PSA)

OBJETIVO: En los últimos años han aparecido numerosos test semicuantitativos para la determinación de PSA, basados en la inmunocromatografía, realizados sobre suero o plasma. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en el uso del test SD BIOLINE PSA, que se realiza en plasma o suero para determinación cualitativa de PSA de forma rápida, y que usa como punto de corte 3 ng/mL. MÉTODO: Se analizaron un total de 54 pacientes que estuvieron ingresados en nuestra sala de hospitalización. Se extrajeron dos muestras de sangre a todos los paciente una para determinación cuantitativa de PSA en el laboratorio de nuestro hospital y otra para la determinación cualitativa con el test SD BIOLINE PSA, posteriormente comparamos ambos resultados. Dos urólogos interpretaron de forma independiente el test sin conocer los valores de PSA obtenidos en laboratorio. Para calcular el efecto del tiempo de lectura del test se leyó a los 15, 20 y 25 minutos. Los resultados fueron clasificados en una tabla de contingencia clásica, lo cual nos permitió calcular la sensibilidad y especificidad del test, así como el valor predictivo positivo y el valor predictivo negativo. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 71.1 años (rango de 43-96 años). De los 54 pacientes sometidos al estudio 26 (48.14%) tuvieron un PSA > 3 ng/mL (media 18,5 ng/mL, rango 3.9-66.9 ng/mL) y 28 (51.86%) presentaron un PSA < 3 ng/mL (media 0.8 ng/mL, rango 0-2.9 ng/mL), en el análisis ordinario. Los resultados en cada intervalo y por observador fueron los siguientes: 15 minutos: Observador 1: sensibilidad(S) 76.92%, especificidad (E) 100%, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) 100%, valor predictivo negativo (VPN) 82.35%; Observador 2: S 76.92%, E 100%, VPP 100%, VPN 82.35. 20 minutos: Observador 1: S 100%, E 93.33%, VPP 92.30%, VPN 100%; Observador2: S 100%, E 93.33%, VPP 92.30%, VPN 100%. 25 minutos: Observador 1: S 100%, E 85.71%, VPP 86.66%, VPN 100%; Observador 2: S 92.30%, E 92.85%, VPP 92.30%, VPN 92.85%. CONCLUSIONES: El test SDBioline cumple las características necesarias para ser utilizado como prueba de detección del PSA, es simple, rápido, barato, poco invasivo y presenta una buena efectividad (AU)

OBJECTIVES: Over the last years numerous semiquantitative PSA tests have appeared , based on serum or plasma immunochromatography. We present our experience using the SD BIOLINE PSA test, which is performed with plasma or serum for fast qualitative determination of PSA; the cut point is 3 ng/ml. METHODS: We analized 54 patients who were admitted in our hospital ward. Two blood samples were obtained from every patient, one for cuantitative PSA determination at the hospital laboratory and the other one for qualitative determination with the SD BIOLINE PSA test, and the results were compared.. Two urologists independently interpreted the test without knowing the PSA values from the lab. To calculate the effect of test reading time, readings were performed at 15, 20 and 25 minutes. Results were classified in a classic contingency table, which enabled us to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the test, as well as positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: Mean age was 71.1 years (range 43-96 yr). From 54 patients in the study 26 (48.14%) had a PSA > 3 ng/ml (Mean 18.5 ng/ml, range 3.9-66.9 ng/ml) and 28(51.86%) PSA < 3 ng/mL (mean 0.8 ng/mL, range 0-2.9 ng/mL), in the conventional test. Results for each interval and observer were: 15 min: Observer 1: Sensitivity (S) 76,92%, specificity (E) 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100% , negative predictive value(NPV) 82.35%; Observer 2: S 76.92%, E 100% , PPV 100%, NPV 82.35%. 20 minutes: Observer 1: S 100%, E 93.33%, PPV 92.30%, NPV 100%; Observer 2: S 100%, E 93.33%, PPV 92.30% ,NPV 100%. 25 minutes: Observer 1: S 100% , E 85.71%, PPV 86.66%, NPV 100%; Observer 2: S 92.30%, E 92.85%, PPV 92.30%, NPV 92.85%. CONCLUSIONS: The SD Bioline PSA test complies with the characteristics required to be used as a test for prostate cancer detection, it is simple, fast, cheap, not much invasive, and has a good efficacy (AU)

Tratamiento quírúrgico de carcinoma renal con trombo y filtro en vena cava / Surgical treatment of the renal carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus and filter

Objetivo: La invasión vascular en forma de trombo tumoral sucede en un no desdeñable porcentaje de las neoplasias renales, la importancia de la extensión cefálica del trombo en el pronóstico es discutida actualmente pero en ausencia de metástasis a distancia, el tratamiento quirúrgico es mandatorio. Método: Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 56 años al que intervenimos en nuestro centro, portador de filtro en vena cava inferior mediante abordaje toraco-abdominal con circulación extracorpórea (CEC), hipotermia profunda (por debajo de los 18ºC) y retroperfusión cerebral. Resultados: Si bien tiempo atrás se pensaba que la presencia de trombo tumoral ensombrecía el pronóstico de estos pacientes, actualmente sabemos que con tratamiento quirúrgico, en casos seleccionados, se obtienen buenos resultados en términos de supervivencia y tiempo libre de enfermedad. Conclusión: Pensamos que el implante de filtros venosos, puede incrementar la complejidad de la cirugía (AU)

Objective: Vascular invasion in the form of tumour thrombus appears in a significant percentage of renal neoplasias. The importance of cephalic extension of the thrombus in prognosis is currently under discussion, but surgical treatment is mandatory in the absence of distant metastasis. Methods: We report the case of a 56-year-old male patient with a filter in the inferior vena cava, who underwent surgery in our department through a thoracoabdominal approach with extracorporeal circulation, deep hypothermia (below 18ºC) and cerebral retrograde perfusion. Results: Although in the past it was believed tumour thrombus worsened prognosis in these patients, currently we know that surgical treatment, in selected cases, gives good results in terms of survival and disease-free time. Conclusions: We think the implementation of venous filters may increase the complexity of surgery (AU)